509 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
509 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# VPS流量转发架构说明
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---
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## 总览
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这套架构基于 **Xray + Nginx SNI 分流 + Mihomo 透明代理 + WireGuard**,实现:
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1. **反向代理内网服务到公网**(无需公网 IPv6/端口映射)
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2. **异地多 VPS 链路中转代理**(Mihomo 客户端接入 → 东京出口)
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3. **统一公网入口流量管理**(所有流量走 443 端口,无额外端口暴露)
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4. **qBittorrent 透明代理 + 入站端口转发**(NAS PT 下载走北京 VPS 出口,支持 BT 入站连接)
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5. **Minecraft 基岩版 UDP 转发**(独立 WireGuard 隧道 + socat 方案)
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---
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## 设备清单
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| 设备 | IP / 域名 | 系统 / 型号 | 角色 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| **北京 VPS** | `salmonstill.cn` / `49.232.242.90` | Ubuntu 22.04 | 公网入口节点,Nginx + Xray + socat + WireGuard |
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| **东京 VPS** | `tokyo.salmonstill.cn` / `43.165.178.10` | - | 代理出口节点,Xray Reality 出站 |
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| **旁路由** | `192.168.1.199` / WG: `10.0.0.2` | ImmortalWrt 24.10 (GL-MT2500) | 内网反向代理 + 透明代理核心 |
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| **NAS** | `192.168.1.188` | 绿联云 UGOS | 内网存储服务(思源笔记、绿联云管理) |
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| **qBittorrent** | `192.168.1.200` (macvlan) | Docker (linuxserver/qbittorrent) | PT 下载专用,独立 IP |
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| **Windows 台式机** | `192.168.1.177` | Windows + WSL | 内网办公设备,SSH 服务 |
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---
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## 核心组件说明
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### 1. 北京 VPS(公网入口节点)
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#### 1.1 Nginx Stream SNI 分流层
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**配置文件**: `beijing-vps-stream.conf`
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Nginx stream 模块监听 `443/tcp`(IPv4 + IPv6),通过 `ssl_preread` 在 SSL 握手阶段提取 ClientHello 中的 SNI 字段,按域名分流到不同后端:
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| SNI 域名 | 后端 | 端口 | 用途 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| `www.apple.com` | upstream `xray` | :9443 | 旁路由反向代理隧道 |
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| `www.microsoft.com` | upstream `mihomo` | :9444 | Mihomo 客户端代理入口 → 东京出口 |
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| `news.apple.com` | upstream `xray_lan` | :9445 | 旁路由 Mihomo 北京直连代理 |
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| `drive.salmonstill.cn` | upstream `nas` | :38653 | 绿联云 NAS 服务直接转发 |
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| 其他域名 | upstream `npm` | :8443 | Nginx Proxy Manager 常规 Web 管理 |
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#### 1.2 Xray 服务层
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**配置文件**: `xray-北京vps-config.json`
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**入站(共 15 个)**:
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**Reality 入站(3 个)** — 均监听 `127.0.0.1`,由 Nginx 转发过来:
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| Tag | 端口 | SNI | Reality target | 用途 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| `interconn` | 9443 | `www.apple.com` | `www.apple.com:443` | 接收旁路由反向代理桥接 |
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| `mihomo_in` | 9444 | `www.microsoft.com` | `www.microsoft.com:443` | 接收外部 Mihomo 代理流量 |
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| `proxy_from_lan` | 9445 | `news.apple.com` | `www.apple.com:443` | 接收旁路由直连代理流量 |
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**dokodemo-door 入站(11 个)** — 监听 `0.0.0.0`,反向代理内网服务:
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| Tag | 端口 | 路由 |
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|---|---|---|
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| `external` | 38653 | → portal → NAS `1.188:9443` |
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| `external_siyuan` | 38654 | → portal → NAS `1.188:5005` |
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| `external_minecraft` | 39132 | → portal → 旁路由 `127.0.0.1:39132` |
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| `external_wsl` | 38655 | → portal → Windows `1.177:22` |
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| `external_nas_ssh` | 38656 | → portal → NAS `1.188:22` |
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| `external_router_ssh` | 38657 | → portal → 旁路由 `1.199:22` |
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| `external_qbit` | 51413 | → portal → qBittorrent `1.200:51413` |
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| `external_router_web` | 39766 | → portal → 旁路由 `1.199:80` |
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| `external_tmp` | 8501 | → portal → Windows `1.177:8501` |
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| `external_3000` | 3000 | → portal → NAS `1.188:3000` |
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| `external_222` | 222 | → portal → NAS `1.188:222` |
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**Mixed 入站(1 个)**:
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| Tag | 端口 | 用途 |
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|---|---|---|
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| `proxy_in` | 10809 | SOCKS5/HTTP 混合代理(→ 东京出口) |
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**组件 - Portal**:
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```json
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"reverse": {
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"portals": [
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{ "tag": "portal", "domain": "reverse-proxy.xray.internal" }
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]
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}
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```
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与旁路由 Bridge 建立永久反向隧道,所有 `external_*` 入站的流量通过 portal 送入隧道。
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**出站(2 个)**:
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| Tag | 协议 | 用途 |
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|---|---|---|
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| `direct` | freedom | 北京 VPS 直连出网 |
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| `to_tokyo` | VLESS+Reality → `us.salmonstill.cn:443` | 转发到东京 VPS 出口 |
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**路由规则**:
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- 所有 `external_*` 入站 → `portal`(送入反向隧道)
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- `interconn` → `portal`(隧道本身维持)
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- `mihomo_in` + `proxy_in` → `to_tokyo`(到东京出口)
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- `proxy_from_lan` → `direct`(北京直连)
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---
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### 2. 东京 VPS(代理出口节点)
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**配置文件**: `tokyo-vps-config.json`
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极简配置:
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```json
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inbounds: [{
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port: 9443,
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protocol: "vless",
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streamSettings: { security: "reality", serverNames: ["www.microsoft.com"] }
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}]
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outbounds: [{ protocol: "freedom", tag: "direct" }]
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```
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**Nginx Stream 层** (`东京-vps-stream.conf`):
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```
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www.microsoft.com → Xray :9443
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default → NPM :8443
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```
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- 入站:VLESS+Reality,监听 `127.0.0.1:9443`,SNI=`www.microsoft.com`
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- 出站:freedom 自由网络出口
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- **仅做流量出口转发,无其他逻辑**
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---
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### 3. 旁路由(内网核心枢纽)
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#### 3.1 Xray 反向代理桥接
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**配置文件**: `xray-旁路由-config.json`
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**组件 — Bridge**:
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```json
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"reverse": {
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"bridges": [{ "tag": "bridge", "domain": "reverse-proxy.xray.internal" }]
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}
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```
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与北京 VPS 的 Portal 建立永久 TCP 隧道。来自公网的请求通过该隧道进入内网。
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**入站(1 个)**:
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| Tag | 端口 | 协议 |
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|---|---|---|
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| `socks-lan` | 1080 | SOCKS5(备用) |
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**出站(12 个)** — 按端口/服务映射内网目标:
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| Tag | 目标 | 用途 |
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|---|---|---|
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| `to_nas` | `192.168.1.188:9443` | NAS 管理界面 |
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| `to_siyuan` | `192.168.1.188:5005` | 思源笔记 |
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| `to_wsl` | `192.168.1.177:22` | WSL SSH |
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| `to_nas_ssh` | `192.168.1.188:22` | NAS SSH |
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| `to_router_ssh` | `192.168.1.199:22` | 旁路由 SSH |
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| `to_router_web` | `192.168.1.199:80` | 旁路由 Web 管理 |
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| `to_minecraft` | `127.0.0.1:39132` | Minecraft 服务 |
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| `to_tmp` | `192.168.1.177:8501` | 临时服务 |
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| `to_3000` | `192.168.1.188:3000` | Web 服务 |
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| `to_222` | `192.168.1.188:222` | 备用服务 |
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| `to_qbit` | `192.168.1.200:51413` | qBittorrent 入站 |
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| `interconn` | VLESS+Reality → `salmonstill.cn:443` (SNI=`www.apple.com`) | 与北京 VPS 的隧道连接 |
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| `to_beijing_direct` | VLESS+Reality → `salmonstill.cn:443` (SNI=`news.apple.com`) | 北京直连代理 |
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| `direct` | freedom | 直连 |
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**路由规则**(从 bridge 入站的流量按端口匹配):
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- 38653 → `to_nas`
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- 38654 → `to_siyuan`
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- 38655 → `to_wsl`
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- 38656 → `to_nas_ssh`
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- 38657 → `to_router_ssh`
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- 8501 → `to_tmp`
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- 39766 → `to_router_web`
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- 3000 → `to_3000`
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- 222 → `to_222`
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- 39132 → `to_minecraft`
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- 51413 → `to_qbit`
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- 默认 → `to_nas`
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- socks-lan 入站 → `to_beijing_direct`
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#### 3.2 Mihomo TPROXY 透明代理
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**配置文件**: `旁路由的mihomo config.yaml`
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专为 qBittorrent PT 流量设计的透明代理方案。
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**TPROXY 端口**: `7893`
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**代理节点(2 个)**:
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- `Xray-Real` — VLESS+Reality,SNI=`www.microsoft.com`,经北京到东京出口
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- `Beijing-Direct` — VLESS+Reality,SNI=`news.apple.com`,北京直连(`skip-cert-verify: true` — 因 Reality 返回的是 target `www.apple.com` 的证书)
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**策略组(11 个)**:
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- 国内 → 直连
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- 国外 → `[Xray-Real, 直连]`
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- Steam / Microsoft / AI / Stream Media / GitHub / Crypto → 按规则选
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- **PT-BT → `[Beijing-Direct, 直连]`**(核心策略)
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**关键路由规则**:
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```
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SRC-IP-CIDR,192.168.1.200/32,PT-BT,no-resolve ← qBittorrent 全部走 PT-BT
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DOMAIN-SUFFIX,salmonstill.cn,直连
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DOMAIN-SUFFIX,volces.com,直连
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DOMAIN-KEYWORD,raylink,直连
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IP-CIDR,49.232.242.90/32,直连 ← 北京 VPS 防死循环
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IP-CIDR,43.165.178.10/32,直连 ← 东京 VPS 防死循环
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```
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**nftables TPROXY 劫持** (`/etc/nftables.d/50-mihomo-tproxy.nft`):
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```
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ip saddr 192.168.1.200 meta mark set 1 tproxy to :7893 accept
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```
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- 仅劫持来源 `192.168.1.200` 的流量
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- 排除本地/私有地址和 VPS IP(防死循环)
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**策略路由** (`/etc/rc.local`):
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```
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ip rule add fwmark 1 table 100
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ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100
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```
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**额外监听器**:
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- `:7891` — 全局代理(强制走 Xray-Real → 东京出口)
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- `:7892` — 强制直连
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---
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### 4. qBittorrent PT 下载节点
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#### 4.1 网络架构
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```
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qBittorrent (192.168.1.200, macvlan)
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└── 网关: 192.168.1.199 (旁路由)
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```
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Docker macvlan 网络创建命令:
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```bash
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docker network create -d macvlan \
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--subnet=192.168.1.0/24 \
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--gateway=192.168.1.199 \
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--ip-range=192.168.1.200/32 \
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-o parent=eth0 \
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qbit_macvlan
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```
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#### 4.2 流量路径
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**出站(透明代理)**:
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```
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qBittorrent → nftables TPROXY劫持 → Mihomo :7893
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→ SRC-IP-CIDR 匹配 → PT-BT 策略组 → Beijing-Direct
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→ VLESS+Reality (SNI=news.apple.com) → 北京VPS :443
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→ Nginx 分流 → proxy_from_lan :9445 → direct → 互联网
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```
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**入站(端口转发)**:
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```
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BT Peer → 北京VPS :51413 → external_qbit → portal
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→ 反向隧道 → bridge → to_qbit → 192.168.1.200:51413
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```
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#### 4.3 qBittorrent 设置
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| 设置 | 值 |
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|---|---|
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| 监听端口 | 51413 |
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| UPnP/NAT-PMP | 禁用 |
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| SOCKS5 代理 | 清空(不使用) |
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| 连接协议 | **仅 TCP(关闭 μTP)** |
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| DHT | 可选(建议开) |
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| PEX | 可选(建议开) |
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> μTP(UDP) 必须关闭 — Xray portal 反向代理不支持 UDP。
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#### 4.4 定时做种调度(crontab)
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```cron
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0 1 * * * curl -s -X POST "http://192.168.1.200:8888/api/v2/torrents/start" --data "hashes=all"
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0 7 * * * curl -s -X POST "http://192.168.1.200:8888/api/v2/torrents/stop" --data "hashes=all"
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```
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夜间 01:00-07:00 做种,白天暂停节省带宽。
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---
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### 5. Minecraft 基岩版 UDP 转发
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**独立于 Xray 体系的另一套方案**,使用 WireGuard + socat 实现 UDP 转发。
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#### 5.1 架构
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```
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公网玩家 UDP :19132 → 北京VPS socat → WireGuard 隧道
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→ 旁路由 10.0.0.2 → 端口转发 + SNAT → NAS 192.168.1.188:19132
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→ Docker 容器 (itzg/minecraft-bedrock-server, host 网络)
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```
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#### 5.2 北京 VPS 配置
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**WireGuard** (`/etc/wireguard/wg0.conf`):
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```
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[Interface]
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Address = 10.0.0.1/24
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ListenPort = 51820
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PostUp = iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
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[Peer]
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PublicKey = 9jPlaUhx2Dc+C5ZqJx6Iu8GtNMig3cFIoqfHg8PZbCA=
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AllowedIPs = 10.0.0.2/32
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PersistentKeepalive = 25
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```
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**socat systemd service** (`/etc/systemd/system/mc-forward.service`):
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```
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/socat UDP4-LISTEN:19132,fork,reuseaddr UDP4:10.0.0.2:19132
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```
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**防火墙**:
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```
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ufw allow 51820/udp # WireGuard
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ufw allow 19132/udp # Minecraft
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```
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#### 5.3 旁路由配置
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**WireGuard 接口**:
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- IP: `10.0.0.2/24`
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- Peer 端点: `salmonstill.cn:51820`
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- AllowedIPs: `0.0.0.0/0`(**必须**,否则丢弃公网来源包)
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- 防火墙区域: `wan`
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**端口转发**:UDP `wan:19132` → `lan:192.168.1.188:19132`
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**SNAT 规则**:目标 `1.188:19132` UDP → 源 IP 重写为 `192.168.1.199`
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> 确保 NAS 回包发给旁路由而非主路由,避免非对称路由问题。
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#### 5.4 NAS Docker 配置
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```yaml
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services:
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bedrock:
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image: itzg/minecraft-bedrock-server:2026.2.1
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container_name: mc-bedrock
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network_mode: host
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environment:
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EULA: "TRUE"
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VERSION: "1.26.14.1"
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OPS: "2535472561115036"
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volumes:
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- /volume2/ProgramsV2/minecraft:/data
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restart: unless-stopped
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```
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---
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### 6. macOS 客户端配置
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**配置文件**: `mac 的mihomo config.yaml`
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备用客户端配置,与旁路由的 Mihomo 共享相同架构理念:
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- 混合端口: 7890
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- 监听器: 7891(全局代理→东京出口)、7892(强制直连)
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- 单节点: `Xray-Real` (VLESS+Reality, SNI=`www.microsoft.com`)
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- 完整 rule-providers 规则集(广告、国内、GFW、流媒体、AI、GitHub、Steam 等)
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- `subscribe.yaml` — 与 Mac 配置结构相同,作为通用订阅配置模板
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- `subscribe-7891-only.yaml` — 精简版,全局走 7891 代理代理,适合快速切换
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---
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## 流量路径总览
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### 路径 1:内网服务反向代理访问
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```
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用户 → salmonstill.cn:443 → Nginx SNI 匹配 → dokodemo-door 入站
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→ Xray portal → 反向隧道 → 旁路由 bridge
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→ 按端口匹配出站 → 内网目标 → 原路返回
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 路径 2:代理翻墙(东京出口)
|
||
```
|
||
Mihomo 客户端 → salmonstill.cn:443 → Nginx SNI `www.microsoft.com`
|
||
→ mihomo_in :9444 → to_tokyo → 东京 VPS → freedom → 互联网
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 路径 3:北京直连代理(qBittorrent)
|
||
```
|
||
qBittorrent → nftables TPROXY → Mihomo :7893
|
||
→ PT-BT → Beijing-Direct → salmonstill.cn:443
|
||
→ Nginx SNI `news.apple.com` → proxy_from_lan :9445 → direct → 互联网
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 路径 4:BT 入站
|
||
```
|
||
BT Peer → salmonstill.cn:51413 → external_qbit → portal
|
||
→ 反向隧道 → bridge → to_qbit → 192.168.1.200:51413
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 路径 5:Minecraft UDP
|
||
```
|
||
公网玩家 → salmonstill.cn:19132 → socat → WireGuard 隧道
|
||
→ 旁路由 10.0.0.2 → 端口转发 + SNAT → NAS :19132 → Docker 容器
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 关键配置要点
|
||
|
||
### Reality 密钥体系
|
||
|
||
| 位置 | 用途 | Public Key | Private Key |
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
||
| **北京 VPS**(3个入站共用) | interconn / mihomo_in / proxy_from_lan | `62y5gDjPrdeuePGl-D2IW4Cw9Kb8_bSBBTmArvL7Nhs`(客户端用)| `GGT9LfN_2JdQG68cwrULgUK-adfT6wIokLzWjaB0fXs` |
|
||
| **东京 VPS** | to_tokyo 出口 | 客户端 `to_tokyo` 配置中的 `password` | `iBlu3eH1VLf1S5Qw87m_1w0TGYUktDwHAzgpQ2aKuGI` |
|
||
|
||
> Reality 客户端必须使用 `public-key`,服务端使用 `privateKey`,且 `serverNames` 必须与 Nginx 分流 SNI 严格一致。
|
||
|
||
### 防死循环 IP
|
||
以下 IP 在旁路由的 Mihomo 规则中必须直连:
|
||
- `49.232.242.90` — 北京 VPS
|
||
- `43.165.178.10` — 东京 VPS
|
||
|
||
### skip-cert-verify
|
||
`Beijing-Direct` 节点必须设置 `skip-cert-verify: true`,因为 Reality 返回的是 target(`www.apple.com`)的证书,但 SNI 是 `news.apple.com`,TLS 的 SAN 校验会失败。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 文件清单
|
||
|
||
| 文件 | 目标设备 | 部署路径 |
|
||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| `beijing-vps-stream.conf` | 北京 VPS | `/etc/nginx/stream.conf.d/` |
|
||
| `xray-北京vps-config.json` | 北京 VPS | `/usr/local/etc/xray/config.json` |
|
||
| `东京-vps-stream.conf` | 东京 VPS | `/etc/nginx/stream.conf.d/` |
|
||
| `tokyo-vps-config.json` | 东京 VPS | `/usr/local/etc/xray/config.json` |
|
||
| `旁路由的mihomo config.yaml` | 旁路由 | `/opt/mihomo/config.yaml` |
|
||
| `xray-旁路由-config.json` | 旁路由 | `/etc/xray/config.json` |
|
||
| `mac 的mihomo config.yaml` | macOS | 本地运行 |
|
||
| `subscribe.yaml` | 通用 | 订阅模板 |
|
||
| `subscribe-7891-only.yaml` | 通用 | 精简版模板 |
|
||
| 旁路由备份 `backup-*.tar.gz` | 旁路由 | ImmortalWrt 系统备份 |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 架构优势
|
||
|
||
1. **极致伪装**:所有流量走 443 端口 HTTPS,通过 SNI 区分,无特征被封
|
||
2. **零额外端口暴露**:除 443 外无公网端口(Minecraft 19132 和 WireGuard 51820 除外)
|
||
3. **内网零暴露**:NAS/Windows/qBittorrent 无需公网 IP 和端口映射
|
||
4. **高可用隧道**:Xray portal/bridge 反向代理永久在线
|
||
5. **低延迟**:Xray Reality 协议性能优异,中转延迟增加 < 10ms
|
||
6. **易扩展**:新增内网服务只需在旁路由添加路由规则,无需改公网配置
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 部署顺序(标准流程)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
1. 腾讯云防火墙开放所需端口(443, 51413/tcp, 51820/udp, 19132/udp)
|
||
2. 北京 VPS: 部署 Nginx stream 配置 → nginx -t && systemctl reload nginx
|
||
3. 北京 VPS: 部署 Xray 配置 → systemctl restart xray
|
||
4. 北京 VPS: 部署 WireGuard → wg-quick@wg0
|
||
5. 北京 VPS: 部署 socat → systemctl start mc-forward
|
||
6. 东京 VPS: 部署 Nginx + Xray 配置
|
||
7. 旁路由: 部署 Xray 配置 → /etc/init.d/xray restart
|
||
8. 旁路由: 部署 Mihomo 配置 → /etc/init.d/mihomo restart
|
||
9. 旁路由: 部署 nftables 规则 → fw4 reload
|
||
10. 旁路由: 配置 WireGuard 接口 + 端口转发 + SNAT(LuCI)
|
||
11. NAS: 创建 macvlan 网络 → 启动 qBittorrent 容器
|
||
12. NAS: 启动 Minecraft 容器
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 验证命令速查
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 北京 VPS 健康检查
|
||
ss -tlnp | grep -E '944[345]|3865[3-7]|51413|10809'
|
||
systemctl status nginx xray wg-quick@wg0 mc-forward
|
||
|
||
# 东京 VPS 健康检查
|
||
ss -tlnp | grep 9443
|
||
systemctl status nginx xray
|
||
|
||
# 旁路由
|
||
nft list chain inet mihomo_tproxy prerouting | grep 192.168
|
||
ip rule show | grep "fwmark 1"
|
||
ss -tlnp | grep -E '789[0-3]|1080'
|
||
wg show
|
||
|
||
# qBittorrent 连通性验证
|
||
docker exec qbittorrent curl -s https://ip.sb # 应返回北京 VPS IP
|
||
|
||
# Minecraft 连通性
|
||
systemctl status mc-forward
|
||
tcpdump -i wg0 udp port 19132 -n
|
||
```
|